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<p>The work on a site for a low-rise building involves the preparatory work to commence construction.</p>
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<p>It starts with checking the plot boundaries as soon as the site is made available for construction. The first thing to do is to check that the boundary stones are in place and that the dimensions of the boundaries tally with those given in the site plans. Any discrepancies should be reconciled before the commencement of any other work.</p>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Site Preparation work</strong></h2>
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<p>Land clearing including demolition of existing buildings and disposal or recycling of waste;</p>
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<p><strong>Grading and earthwork </strong>- The topsoil should be removed to a depth of 100-150 mm and the excavated topsoil is mostly retained on site for landscaping work on completion of construction. The site is graded by cutting and filling as required. Clearing and grading are now mostly done with mechanical plants.</p>
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<p><strong>Stormwater drainage and erosion control</strong> - The site should be graded to provide proper stormwater drainage. Having the topsoil removed, the ground is prone to erosion and the fast flow of water on site should be avoided. If the water table is high pumping out ground water may be required during foundation work.</p>
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<p><strong>Roads</strong> – Roads and footpaths are required on the site for the movement of workers and the transport of material. The access roads and footpaths designed during the site layout should be properly created with suitable surfacing, curbs, and drains. For sites of long duration and heavy vehicular traffic, the roads may be asphalted on the temporary subgrade.</p>
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<p><strong>Services</strong> – Water, electricity, telephones, fuel, etc., are the services required depending on the size and duration of construction.</p>
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<p>Source of water supply may be: Mains supply (usually with site storage facilities) / Dug or sunk wells (with pumping and storage facility)</p>
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<p><strong>Electricity </strong>– from mains service or generator.</p>
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<p><strong>Fuel </strong>- stored in sites form safety hazards and proper, dedicated storage facilities should be provided.</p>
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<p><strong>Telephones and other communication</strong> – Land telephone, mobile services, e-mail and facsimile facilities.</p>
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<p><strong>Temporary buildings</strong> – The temporary buildings required in a site are:</p>
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<p><strong>Site office</strong> - Locate in a place free of noise and dust. Provide reasonable office facilities – adequate furniture for office and site meetings, Communication (telephone, fax, e-mail), computer, stationery, toilets, etc.</p>
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<p><strong>Worker’s mess</strong> - Away from work areas, adequate space and facilities for the workforce, First Aid, Recreation, and Sleeping facilities.</p>
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<p><strong>Canteen</strong> - Away from work areas, adequate facilities, and space for the workforce, Cooking, Dining.</p>
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<p><strong>Stores</strong> - Locate in good view of security and easily accessible place for loading and unloading, Covered stores for perishable materials (Cement, etc.), Lock up store for valuable materials, Open storage/stacking for bulk materials –</p>
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<p><strong>Cement</strong> - Under cover, near mixer, theft-proof</p>
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<p><strong>Aggregates </strong>- Near mixer</p>
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<p><strong>Timber </strong>- Inside crane radius or near the hoist</p>
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<p><strong>Steel </strong>- Ease of delivery, room for bending/fabrication, near the hoist</p>
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<p><strong>Bricks and blocks</strong> - Ease of delivery, near the hoist</p>
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<p><strong>Doors, windows, sanitary fittings</strong>,</p>
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<p><strong>Glass </strong>- Ease of delivery, safe storage (easily damaged)</p>
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<p><strong>Fuel </strong>- Isolated to prevent hazard</p>
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<p><strong>Formwork </strong>- Room for fabrication, inside crane radius</p>
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<p><strong>Toilets and lavatories</strong> - Locate downwind from work areas, Ensure good drainage, Provide adequate water, and Provide for easy cleaning and maintenance.</p>
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<p><strong>Hoarding and fences</strong> – Security fences and netting for the safety of workers and the general public.</p>
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<p><strong>Name boards, safety notices, and safety signs.</strong></p>
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<p><strong>Plant and Equipment</strong></p>
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<p><strong>Crane &amp; Hoist</strong> - Maximum weight to be lifted, Load capacity at different radii, anchorage, near main work.</p>
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<p><strong>Mixer</strong> - Near main work, Near aggregate and hoist, inside crane radii</p>
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<p><strong>Generator </strong>- Isolated</p>
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<p><strong>Block maker </strong>- Near mixer set up</p>
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<p><strong>Steel bender </strong>- Near steel store</p>
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<p><strong>Power saws</strong> - Near timber store</p>
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