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<li>The separation of design from the construction. It divides the design team from the construction team.</li>
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<li>Conflicts between parties - Contracts are based on adversarial relationships, No co-operation, and the sharing of joint objectives. Therefore, the client’s needs are lost in inter-party and inter-disciplinary rivalry.</li>
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<li>Inefficient and outdated practices- reduce the potential for productivity improvements.</li>
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<li>A poor quality finished product.</li>
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<li>Cost overruns - many become news items because they involve public money.</li>
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<li>Inefficient organization of subcontractors.</li>
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<li>Time delays.</li>
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<li>Lack of attention to the public concerning noise, nuisance, and danger.</li>
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<li>The estimating practices do not relate actual costs, productivity, and other factors during the bids being prepared.</li>
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<li>Poor risk assessment and management.</li>
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<li>The bad image of contractors based on illegal and collusive tendering practices and bribery.</li>
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<li>Delays caused by factors that are within the control of the design and construction teams.</li>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Remedial actions to be followed</strong></h2>
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<li>Integrated approaches to design and construction services for clients.</li>
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<li>Better education of construction managers and practitioners.</li>
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<li>Partnering between clients, contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers.</li>
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<li>Pre-qualification for consultants, contractors, and subcontractors.</li>
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<li>Minimum standards for registration and operations.</li>
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<li>Multi-skilling of the trades.</li>
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